IRVINE, Calif. — For the third consecutive year, Michigan is the U.S. state with the lowest average check engine light repair cost ($333.26), according to automotive diagnostic industry leader CarMD.com, which analyzed data from more than 10.7 million vehicles needing repairs in 2017 to verify this statistic.

Rounding out the five most affordable states for car repairs were Ohio, Maine, Wisconsin, and North Dakota. Findings also determined that vehicle drivers in the District of Columbia (D.C.) incurred the highest average cost ($402.92, including parts and labor) to address the pesky check engine light. After D.C., the most expensive states last year were Georgia, Connecticut, Hawaii, and California.

“Many factors contribute to a state’s average repair costs, including type and age of vehicles on the road, type of repairs needed, repair difficulty, length of time needed to complete the repair and repair shop hourly rates,” said David Rich, CarMD.com’s technical director. “No matter their location, some of the most beneficial things drivers can do to reduce the cost of repairs are educate themselves about their vehicle, keep up with regular maintenance, address the check engine light — or any dash light — as soon as possible and establish a relationship with a trusted dealership or independent repair shop.”

A leading provider of automotive diagnostic data and business solutions, CarMD.com Corporation publishes this annual state-by-state ranking as part of its CarMD Vehicle Health Index to bring awareness about the importance of check engine light health in order to reduce cost of ownership.

Analysts found that car repair costs are down slightly: Michigan’s average cost was 3% lower than the previous year. In D.C., where check engine repairs were highest in 2017 at $402.92, this is still 2% lower than in 2016, where the average cost for parts and labor was $410.98.

Other key findings include:

• Labor costs: For the second consecutive year, Vermont vehicle owners had the lowest average labor cost ($121.98). This is not surprising since the most common cause of a check engine light on Vermont cars and trucks was a loose or missing gas cap, accounting for 7.5% of repairs. Drivers in D.C. paid the most for labor ($141.32). Type of repair, how long the repair will take, and the shop’s hourly rate can all factor into the average labor cost.

• Parts costs: Drivers in D.C. also paid the most on average for parts ($261.60), while drivers in Michigan paid the least for parts ($194.43). The most frequent repair in D.C. was to replace a catalytic converter, accounting for 6.3% of recommended repairs in D.C. The catalytic converter is a part that costs $1,037 on average and usually only fails due to age or when another needed repair such as spark plug replacement is ignored for too long. Type of vehicle, type of repair, and whether OEM parts are used factor into the average parts cost.

• Biggest jump: Hawaii saw the most significant increase in ranking, moving from the state with the fourth lowest to the state with the fourth highest repair cost with a 12% increase in average repair cost. One factor in this increase was a rise in the number of mass airflow and catalytic converter repairs, which can be pricey fixes that drive up the average repair cost.

CarMD’s state ranking of repair costs was derived from analysis of 10,705,587 needed repairs identified for model year 1996 to 2017 vehicles from Jan. 1, 2017, through Dec. 31, 2017, reported to and analyzed by CarMD’s nationwide team of ASE-certified technicians. All 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia are represented.

The repairs are related to a vehicle’s onboard diagnostic system, which is standard on all vehicles manufactured since 1996. It monitors emissions-related systems within a vehicle, triggering the check engine light when a problem occurs. CarMD does not report on problems that are outside the scope of a vehicle’s OBD-II computer monitoring, such as tires and mechanical parts like belts and hoses.